Title: Inflation and Investments, with Focus on Inflation-linked Bonds.Investors face many types of risks when allocating assets in a portfolio, e.g. volatility and inflation risk. Inflation risk will mainly affect investments in the long perspective. This thesis will examine those risks that an investor is commonly exposed to when allocating assets in a portfolio and in particular inflation-linked risk and how to eliminate it. We examine the correlation between different assets and inflation to determine the assets? ability to hedge inflation risk.

The purpose of this paper was to examine the inflation hedging capabilities of property shares. A common notion is that property is a good hedge against inflation. Indeed, positive correlations have been found for direct investments and inflation. However, property shares are generally perceived as a perverse inflation hedge. This discrepancy has often been quoted as evidence of property shares divergence from the development of the underlying property market.

This paper examines a long run macroeconomic dilemma. This dilemma states that given a real appreciation, i.e. a continuous increase in the real exchange rate, an economy has two options open with respect to inflation and nominal exchange rate. Either the economy chooses a fixed exchange rate- regime but has to allow for a rising inflation. Or the economy can choose an inflation targeting- regime, but then has to allow for an appreciating nominal exchange rate.

Abstrakt The yield curve as a forecasting tool for inflation has been thoroughly investigated. However, most of these studies considered only the major economies, such as the U.S. economy or the major European economies and not a small open economy such as the Swedish. The Swedish economy should be much more affected by the world economy then the bigger economies. The purpose with this study is then to investigate whether the Swedish yield curve, or the Swedish interest rate, can be used as forecasting tools for the Swedish inflation.

Titel: Inflation: Ger kointegration bättre prognoser Ämne/Kurs: NEK691, Examensarbete C, 10 poäng Författare: Kristofer Månsson Handledare: Thomas Elger Nyckelord: Inflationsprognoser, indirekt metod, kvantitetsteori, kointegration Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om eventuell kointegration mellan inflation och penningmängd ger bättre inflationsprognoser. Metod: Jag använder mig av svensk kvartalsdata för inflation och penningmängd (mätt som M0 och M3) mellan 1993:1 och 2005:4, för att se om modeller med en felkorrigeringsterm ger bättre prognoser än VAR-modeller, AR-modeller och RW-modeller. Jag prognostiserar med indirekt metod och använder tre olika prognoshorisonter, t+1, t+4 och t+8. Slutsats: Kointegration ger inte bättre prognoser oavsett prognoshorisont. För t+1 är AR-modellen bäst och för t+4 och t+8 är VAR-modellerna bäst.

Den här studien ämnar studera sambanden mellan makrovariabler och aktieavkastning på densvenska marknaden. Studien fokuserar på den svenska aktiemarknaden de senaste elva årenoch makrovariablerna är inflation, ränta, arbetslöshet och växelkursen EUR/SEK. För att mätapåverkan från de makrovariablerna variablerna undersöks indexet OMXS30 och en multipelregressionsanalys utförs. Det finns sedan tidigare flertalet forskningsstudier inom områdetmed olika variabler vilka har gett resultat som både motsäger och styrker Fisher-hypotesenoch diskuteras i resultaten av denna studie. Majoriteten av de tidigare studierna är utförda påandra än den svenska marknaden och kommer således att fungera som en grund för dennastudie.

Purpose The purpose of our study was to investigate the changing nature of volatility during the last 80 years. Like in an American study, we tried to find some trends in the risk of stocks and bonds that would have an impact on the balance of a portfolio of stocks and bonds. At the same time we investigated the influence of inflation on the choice of portfolio. Methods We have used standard statistic tools and formulas to obtain our results. In most cases it was a matter of calculating average and standard deviation.

Uppsatsen ser till vad som sker med inflationen och produktionsgapet (skillnaden mellan den faktiska produktionen och den potentiella produktionen) när en centralbank blir självständigare genom att Rogoff-konservatism införs. Första delen av uppsatsen avhandlar två modeller inom detta monetära ämne och huvudfokus ligger på den nykeynesianska modellen. Efter en redogörelse för modellens uppbyggnad ses hur Rogoff-konservatism påverkar en ekonomi om det finns inflation bias och därefter vad som sker med chockstabiliseringen om centralbanken blir självständigare. Den andra delen behandlar centralbanker i empirin och visar på centralbankers självständighet i förhållande till inflationen, variansen för inflationen, produktionsgapet och variansen för produktionsgapet. Teorin menar att om det finns inflation bias medför Rogoff-konservatism till lägre inflation och chockstabiliseringen blir bättre.

The economic policy of the Swedish Social Democrats has undergone major changes during the last thirty years. From using a so-called Keynesian policy to promote full employment in the economy, the Social Democrats have switched to a more monetaristic policy to promote low inflation instead. What I intend to do with this study is to see if the policy change also can be noticed in how the party describe their own policy. Have the Social Democrats been open and transparent with their change in priorities, or have they tried to hide this in their rhetoric?The purpose of this thesis is to examine if one can notice a change from a Keynesian to a monetaristic policy in the Social Democrat?s descriptions of their economic policy.

The purpose on this study is to determine the extent of possible connections between tendencies to increased violent behavior and increased alcohol consumption among a total cohort of girls in the 9th grade compulsory school and 2nd grade upper secondary school in a Swedish county. In 2004 the Epidemiological Department carried out a health-status survey, using a self-report questionnaire, with students from both private and public schools in a specific county in Sweden. All respondents (N= ca 4000), attending all compulsory (at 9th grade) and upper secondary schools (second tier) on the survey date completed the questionnaire. For this particular study, 9 questions from the questionnaire, all concerning self-reported violent behavior and alcohol consumption habits were used either individually or combined in index variables. The result showed that while violence experience is low among these 4000 girls, it increased in relation to a corresponding increase in alcohol consumption.

Since the beginning of 1940 there have been externally developed tests in Sweden. Their appearances have changed over the years together with the cognitive approach. Nowadays, this kind of tests is going by the name of the national tests, which was introduced in the year of 1994. When the Swedish National Agency for Education received the assignment to develop new purposes and national tests to the third grade students, debate took a bounce. The matter was well discussed; national tests in third grade or not?The national tests thus far carried out four rounds in the third grade and the purpose of my study was to find out how teachers are reasoning about the tests.

Inkomstklyftor hindrar en ekonomis utveckling på flera sätt. Senare studier fokuserar påinflation och demokratins påverkan på inkomstklyftor. Resultaten är dock inte självklara ochskiljer sig beroende på studien som genomförts. Denna uppsats bidrar till forskningen kringinflationen och demokratins påverkan på inkomstklyftor genom att fokusera på effekter iLatinamerika under åren 1976-1993. Detta eftersom Latinamerika har en historia med högainkomstklyftor och har drabbats länge av hög och i vissa fall hyperinflation samtidigt sommånga av länderna blev demokratiska under perioden.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vilken betydelse varians och skevhet i fördelningenav relativprisförändringar har vid förklaring av Irlands och Tysklands inflationsutveckling.Genom estimering av Phillips-kurvor, med och utan varians- och skevhetsmåtten inkluderade,finner jag att det i enlighet med teorin och i likhet med tidigare studier existerar ett positivtsamband mellan skevhetsmåttet och inflation. En positivt skev fördelning avrelativprisförändringar bidrar således till en hög inflationsnivå. Resultatet av mina skattningarvisar att modellens förklaringsgrad förbättras avsevärt för Tyskland när varians- ochskevhetsmåtten inkluderas. Även för Irland förbättras modellens förklaringsgrad, menförbättringen är betydligt mindre.

This is a study of the national test in 3rd grade. The national test is obligatory and is conducted in 5th and 9th grade, but since the spring of 2009 the tests also become mandatory in 3rd grade. The case study of this research is to find out how children in 3rd grade perceive the purpose of the national test. The survey should also clarify how students think and feel about the national test, and how they feel before the national test and after they have finished writing the test. Has the test positive or negative influence on children? The survey will also show how much teachers clarify what the significance of the national test is for the students.

Grades and assessment are a natural part in the school's everyday existence, deliberations about equivalent assessment is discussed all the time between teachers, students, home and school. They that in front are influenced of a grade or a judgement are in first hand the students and therefore are the important for the students to know which objectives and grade criteria that apply for them to achieve at the end of years 9. The aim with this survey is to get the knowledge about how a tutor grade family?s student in a preparatory class in stopped of years 9, in Swedish as a second language. Do the students in a preparatory class's get grades or a judgement? This is interesting also in order to know to which grade criteria students in a preparatory class have to achieve in the compulsory education?s later years and to know how a tutor assesses these students on the basis of those objectives and criteria that apply.